Fly ash Utilization in Preparation of Nickel-Catalyst for CO Oxidation
Abstract
Industries especially thermal power plants and steel mills produce fly ash as byproduct in huge quantity on coal combustion. Safe and sustainable disposal of fly ash is still challenge to environmental engineers. Conventionally, it disposes as dump in the open that causes severe menaces like entering heavy metals in food chain through air and water medium. The paradigm shifts in fly ash management since nineties extended its employability in making cement and other construction materials, paving roads and embankments, and ameliorating soils. However, about 40% of total fly ash is still unutilized and disposes as dump in India. Espousing the same concept of effective utilization of fly ash, the present research took over to develop fly ash supported nickel catalyst for oxidation of globally distributed air pollutant- CO (Carbon monoxide). The fly ash is pretreated with acids and is utilized as supportive material for nickel loading from its nitrate salt. The catalytic activities for CO oxidation have been analyzed over Gas Chromatography at three temperatures of 25oC, 250oC, and 500oC. The nitric acid pretreatment resulted in highest increment in surface area fly ash, and higher temperature led to better oxidation of CO gas. On over all basis, it can be deduced that the fly ash supported nickel catalyst is effective in CO oxidation.
References
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20. Seyï¬ B., Baghalha M., and Kazemian H., (2009), Modiï¬ed LaCoO3 nano-perovskite catalysts for the environmental application of automotive CO oxidation. Chemical Engineering Journal 148, 306–311.
21. Sheng, J. Vitriï¬cation of borate waste from nuclear power plant using coal fly ash. (I) glass formulation development. Fuel 2001, 80 (10), 1365–1369.
22. Sotowa K., Hasegawa Y., Kusakabe K., and Morooka S., (2002), Enhancement of CO oxidation by use of H2-selective membranes impregnated with noble-metal catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 27, 339–346.
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24. Szanyit J., and Goodman D. W., (1994), CO Oxidation on Palladium. 1. A Combined Kinetic-Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Pd (100). J. Phys. Chem., 98, 2972-2977.
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27. Wan H., Li X., Ji S., Huang B., Wang K., and Li C., (2007), Effect of Ni Loading and CexZr1−xO2 Promoter on Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 16, 139–147.
28. Wang, S. B.; Terdkiatburana, T.; Tade, M. O. Single and co-adsorption of heavy metals and humic acid on fly ash. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2008, 58 (3), 353–358.
29. Wang, S. B.; Zhu, Z. H. Humic acid adsorption on fly ash and its derived unburned carbon. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2007, 315 (1), 41–46.
30. Wieckowska J. and Pietraszkiewicz W., (2001), Fly Ash as a carrier of the catalyst in the Claus Process, International Ash Utilization Symposium, Centre for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 43.
31. Xuan X., Yue C., Li S., and Yao Q., (2003), Selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia with fly ash catalyst. Fuel 82, 575–579.
32. Yang Y., Sangeetha P., and Chen Y., (2009), Au/TiO2 catalysts prepared by photo-deposition method for selective CO oxidation in H2 stream. International journal of hydrogen energy 34, 8912–8920.
33. Zimmer, A.; Bergmann,C. P. Fly ash of mineral coal as ceramic tiles raw material. Waste Manage. 2007, 27 (1), 59–68.
34. Zou H., Chen S., Liu Z., and Lin W., (2009), Drifts study of Cu–Zr–Ce–O catalysts for selective CO oxidation. International journal of hydrogen energy 34, 9324–9333.
2. Agrawal M., Batra V. S., Satvat P. S., (2010), Fly Ash Supported Catalyst for Environmental Applications. In the proceedings of the International Conference on Greener Technology for Greener Environment.
3. Ahmaruzzaman M., (2010), A review on the utilization of fly ash, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Volume 36, Issue 3, Pages 327-363.
4. Bhattacharjee U., Kandpal T.C., (2002), Potential of fly utilization in India. Energy, 27:151–66.
5. Cultrone G, Sebastia ´n E. Fly ash addition in clay materials to improve the quality of solid bricks. Constr Build Mater 2009; 23: 1178–84.
6. Fouad O. A., Halim K. S. A., Rashad M. M., (2008), Catalytic Oxidation of CO Over Synthesized Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles from Fly Ash. Top Catal, 47:61–65.
7. Iyer, R. S.; Scott, J. A. Power station fly ash - A review of value-added utilization outside of the construction industry. Resour. Conserv. Recyl. 2001, 31 (3), 217–228.
8. Jala, S.; Goyal, D. Fly ash as a soil ameliorant for improving crop production-a review. Bioresour. Technol. 2006, 97 (9), 1136–1147.
9. Kastner J. R., Das K.C., Melear Nathan D., (2002), Catalytic oxidation of gaseous reduced sulfur compounds using coal fly ash, Journal of Hazardous Materials B95 (2002) 81–90.
10. Kumar S, Kumar R, Bandopadhaya A, Alex TC, Mehrotra SP. High strength geopolymeric materials through mechanical activation of fly ash, In: Proceedings of the international conference fly ash India 2005, p. X 12.1-11.
11. Kumar S, Singh KK. Use of fly ash for hard ceramics liners. In: Proceedings of the international conference on fly ash disposal and utilization, vol. 10; 1998. p. 23-9.
12. Kumar S, Patil CB. Estimation of resource savings due to fly ash utilization in road construction. Resour. Conserv Recycl 2006; 48:125–40.
13. Kumar V., (2006), Fly Ash: A resource for sustainable development, Proceeding of the International Coal Congress & Expo-2006, New Delhi, pp: 191-199.
14. Li L., Wang S., Zhu Z., Yao X., and Yan Z., (2008), Catalytic decomposition of ammonia over fly ash supported Ru catalysts, Fuel Processing Technology 89, 1106 – 1112.
15. Meyer R., Shaikhutdinov S. K., and Freund H.J., (2004), CO Oxidation on a Pd/Fe3O4 (111) Model Catalyst. Z. Phys. Chem. 218, 905–914.
16. Pengthamkeerati P., Satapanajaru T., and Chularuengoaksorn P., (2008), Chemical modiï¬cation of coal fly ash for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solution, Fuel 87, 2469–2476.
17. Satvat, P.S., Krishna C.B.M. and Mor S, (2008). Removal of COD from Tannery Wastewater using Fly ash, International Conference on Emerging Trend in Engineering, PICETE 2008, Loni, Dec 20-22, 2008.
18. Scheetz, B. E., Earle, R., (1998), Utilization of fly ash. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 3 (5), 510–520.
19. Seo J.G., Youn M. H., Park D. R., Nam I., and Song I. K., (2009), Hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG) over Ni–Al2O3 catalysts prepared by a sequential precipitation method: Effect of precipitation agent. International journal of hydrogen energy, In Press.
20. Seyï¬ B., Baghalha M., and Kazemian H., (2009), Modiï¬ed LaCoO3 nano-perovskite catalysts for the environmental application of automotive CO oxidation. Chemical Engineering Journal 148, 306–311.
21. Sheng, J. Vitriï¬cation of borate waste from nuclear power plant using coal fly ash. (I) glass formulation development. Fuel 2001, 80 (10), 1365–1369.
22. Sotowa K., Hasegawa Y., Kusakabe K., and Morooka S., (2002), Enhancement of CO oxidation by use of H2-selective membranes impregnated with noble-metal catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 27, 339–346.
23. Swanepoel, J. C.; Strydom, C. A. Utilisation of fly ash in a geopolymeric material. Appl. Geochem. 2002, 17 (8), 1143–1148.
24. Szanyit J., and Goodman D. W., (1994), CO Oxidation on Palladium. 1. A Combined Kinetic-Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Pd (100). J. Phys. Chem., 98, 2972-2977.
25. Tran K. Q., Kilpinen P., Kumar N., (2008), In-situ catalytic abatement of NOx during fluidized bed combustion—A literature study, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 78 (2008) 129–138.
26. Vershchagin, S. N., Anshits, N. N., Salanov, A. N., Sharonova, O. M., Vershchagina, T. A., Anshits, A. G., (2003), Microspheres of fly ash as a source for catalytic supports, adsorbents and catalysts. Chem. Sustainable Devel., 11, 303–308.
27. Wan H., Li X., Ji S., Huang B., Wang K., and Li C., (2007), Effect of Ni Loading and CexZr1−xO2 Promoter on Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 16, 139–147.
28. Wang, S. B.; Terdkiatburana, T.; Tade, M. O. Single and co-adsorption of heavy metals and humic acid on fly ash. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2008, 58 (3), 353–358.
29. Wang, S. B.; Zhu, Z. H. Humic acid adsorption on fly ash and its derived unburned carbon. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2007, 315 (1), 41–46.
30. Wieckowska J. and Pietraszkiewicz W., (2001), Fly Ash as a carrier of the catalyst in the Claus Process, International Ash Utilization Symposium, Centre for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 43.
31. Xuan X., Yue C., Li S., and Yao Q., (2003), Selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia with fly ash catalyst. Fuel 82, 575–579.
32. Yang Y., Sangeetha P., and Chen Y., (2009), Au/TiO2 catalysts prepared by photo-deposition method for selective CO oxidation in H2 stream. International journal of hydrogen energy 34, 8912–8920.
33. Zimmer, A.; Bergmann,C. P. Fly ash of mineral coal as ceramic tiles raw material. Waste Manage. 2007, 27 (1), 59–68.
34. Zou H., Chen S., Liu Z., and Lin W., (2009), Drifts study of Cu–Zr–Ce–O catalysts for selective CO oxidation. International journal of hydrogen energy 34, 9324–9333.
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2016-11-17
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